Tuesday, September 25, 2012

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the darkest hour

Thursday, September 20, 2012

In Virginia, rivals for Senate talk up cooperation

FILE - In this June 28, 2012, file photo, Virginia Republican Senate candidate, former Gov. and senator George Allen addresses the Northern Virginia Technology Council's Tech Town Hall in Reston, Va. (AP Photo/Cliff Owen, File)

FILE - In this June 28, 2012, file photo, Virginia Republican Senate candidate, former Gov. and senator George Allen addresses the Northern Virginia Technology Council's Tech Town Hall in Reston, Va. (AP Photo/Cliff Owen, File)

FILE - In this Sept. 4, 2012, file photo, former Virginia Gov. Tim Kaine waves to the delegates from Virginia before addressing the Democratic National Convention in Charlotte, N.C. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite, File)

(AP) ? Democrat Tim Kaine talks a lot about Republicans ? the ones in his family, the ones he's worked with and the ones he hopes will help him bridge the caustic political divide if he's elected to the U.S. Senate.

"We can't have a functioning nation with a dysfunctional legislative branch," the former Democratic Party chairman says at a recent campaign stop. "John Warner said something to me: 'It's not sick-building syndrome, it's not in the water supply. It's in the character and the inclination of the people who walk in there every day.' The only way it will change is if we put in people who have a different set of character and inclinations."

Kaine's words draw loud applause from the seniors at Leisure World in this northern Virginia suburb, most of them Democrats, a few wearing "Grandma for Obama" buttons.

Former Virginia Sen. Warner isn't the only Republican whom Kaine mentions in his hour-long question-and-answer session on budgets, health care and education. He cites President Dwight Eisenhower, praises Sen. Lamar Alexander of Tennessee and mentions that his hero is his father-in-law ? Linwood Holton, who in 1970 was Virginia's first Republican governor since Reconstruction.

A few days later, at a retirement community near Fort Belvoir, Republican candidate George Allen eagerly recounts stories of successful bipartisanship from his days in the state legislature and talks of being "united regardless of party or where we live." The former senator ticks off the names of Democrats he worked with ? Hillary Rodham Clinton, Ron Wyden ? and the ones he's certain would join forces with him on energy ? Mary Landrieu, Joe Manchin, perhaps Mark Begich.

"I hope to win not because someone is so much against the other side. There's obviously differences. That's to be expected in a representative democracy. Not everyone has the same opinion. ... Then you have civil engagement where you discuss those ideas. Civil engagement is the best approach to create more jobs, better security, whatever the issue may be and let the people decide," Allen says.

Kaine and Allen ? two former governors locked in an excruciatingly close race for Senate ? purposely are talking up cooperation. It's not only recognition of the electorate's dissatisfaction with months of Washington vitriol and gridlock, it's a political necessity in an evenly divided state as they pitch to the few remaining independent voters.

Yes, Virginia is the decider this year, a genuine swing state that holds an outsized role in determining the presidency and control of the Senate. It is one of roughly a dozen battleground states that could tip the election to either President Barack Obama or Republican Mitt Romney. It also is one of about a dozen Senate races that could decide who's in charge on Capitol Hill in January.

Polls have shown Kaine, 54, the former Richmond mayor and lieutenant governor, and Allen, 60, namesake son of the legendary Washington Redskins coach, essentially tied for much of the year. The difference on Election Day could be fewer than 10,000 votes. In 2006, Democrat Jim Webb edged out Allen by just under 9,000 votes out of 2.3 million cast.

"Our country was formed on compromise," said Preston Hewitt, 62, a Republican who heard Kaine talk to workers at the Raging Wire data centers in Ashburn, Va., and is considering backing the Democrat.

"That's the way it should be," said Monique Baird, 81, an Allen supporter at the retirement home near Fort Belvoir who faulted President Barack Obama for divisive politics and a move toward socialism.

In the campaign's final seven weeks, Kaine and Allen have three debates ? one Thursday, another Oct. 8 and the last one at Virginia Tech on Oct. 18.

"You've gone through a few rendezvouses with destiny," Allen tells the World War II veterans and other military retirees, "but as far as younger generations, for all of us, this is our time for choosing, or as my father would say, 'The future is now.' That future is going to get decided on November 6."

___

All year, roughly a dozen Senate races have been fiercely competitive as Democrats fight to hold onto their slim majority ? 51-47 plus two independents who caucus with the party ? while defending 23 seats to the GOP's 10. Republicans need a net gain of four seats to grab control.

Some races have receded in the final stretch ? New Mexico looks more certain for Democrats, Arizona for Republicans. The GOP establishment abandoned Missouri after Rep. Todd Akin's comments about pregnancy and "legitimate" rape. Polls suggest that once vulnerable Democratic Sen. Claire McCaskill will hold the seat.

At the same time, Republicans are more upbeat about keeping the Maine seat of retiring Sen. Olympia Snowe, with both the National Republican Senatorial Committee and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce spending money on ads in the state. The three-way race pits independent Angus King, the former governor who is likely to side with Democrats if elected, against Republican Charlie Summers and Democrat Cynthia Dill.

The GOP also sees an opening in Democratic-leaning Connecticut where Rep. Chris Murphy, who doesn't have much statewide name recognition, has struggled against Republican Linda McMahon, the professional wrestling executive who has focused on her business background in her second consecutive bid for the Senate.

Other core contests for deciding which party will run the Senate are in Massachusetts, Montana, Nevada, Wisconsin, Ohio, North Dakota and to a lesser extent Florida and Hawaii. Republicans are counting on winning the Nebraska seat despite former Sen. Bob Kerrey's efforts to keep it in the Democratic column. Democrats are energized about improving prospects in Indiana, where Rep. Joe Donnelly is locked in a close race with Richard Mourdock, who isn't getting much help from the man he defeated in the GOP primary ? six-term Sen. Richard Lugar.

And then there's Virginia, where the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Karl Rove's Crossroads GPS and other groups have pummeled Kaine since the early part of the year with some $10 million in negative ads. Crossroads launched three commercials last week that criticize the Democrat, including one that accuses him of "questionable judgment" for backing the same budget deal last August that President Barack Obama and congressional Republicans, including vice presidential candidate Paul Ryan, supported.

Kaine held off on his advertising until Aug. 21, after the Summer Olympics, then unveiled the first round of $4.5 million in commercials, including one in which he casts himself as more of a fiscal conservative than his rival with cuts to his own pay and a balanced state budget.

"We thought Virginia wouldn't want negative and they wouldn't want it too early," Kaine told the Leesburg audience, drawing applause when he points out that the millions of ads against him had little impact on the polls.

The election will determine whether Kaine's strategy of waiting until the final stretch was a smart move or a response that came too late.

Allen, in his ads, focuses on his blueprint for America, highlighting his emphasis on energy, tax reduction, job creation and avoiding more defense cuts.

The Republican is hoping to revive a political career that once had him mentioned in the GOP lineup for 2008 presidential candidates. It all ended in a single moment ? the "macaca moment" ? when Allen used the term, considered an ethnic slur, to describe a Democratic campaign volunteer of Indian ancestry in 2006. Weeks later, he lost to Webb.

"We lost very narrowly and it's a humbling experience," Allen says. "You do learn sometimes more from losing than you do from winning."

Kaine points out that he's seven-for-seven in elections but has never gotten more than 53 percent of the vote. "I'm like the Maalox candidate," he tells the seniors in Leesburg.

Obama's rise or fall in Virginia will go a long way to determining Kaine's fate. The Democrat says he doesn't always agree with the president. Kaine would let the Bush-era tax cuts expire for those making $500,000 or more compared with the president's $250,000 threshold. Kaine disagrees with Obama clean-energy initiatives, and in one ad takes a helicopter ride over a Virginia hybrid energy coal plant in Wise County.

"I don't distance myself from the president. I want him to be re-elected. I think he deserves to be re-elected but we don't agree on everything, so when we don't I point it out," Kaine said in an interview, days before polls show Obama with a slight lead in the state.

Virginia has changed significantly since Allen won in 2000. The population stands at 8.1 million, with 19.8 percent African-American and 8.2 percent Hispanic. The suburbs and exurbs stretching across northern Virginia account for 30 percent of the population, Kaine often points out.

The unemployment rate stands at 5.9 percent, well below the national average, thanks to jobs in places like Loudoun County, dubbed the "fiber optic capital of the country" and Silicon Valley east.

The Old Dominion stands as the new Dominion.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/89ae8247abe8493fae24405546e9a1aa/Article_2012-09-19-Senate-Bridging%20the%20Divide/id-53954559777b46108221b363c4f35c4c

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Wednesday, September 19, 2012

Chat at Noon EDT about the Best Science Writing Online in 2012

Join us for a live online chat with the editors of The Best Science Writing 2012, aka The Open Laboratory 2012


Join us below at Noon Eastern time on Tuesday, September 18 for a live 30-minute online chat about the year's best science blog posts. The chat will feature SA blogs editor Bora Zivkovic (who blogs for us at A Blog Around the Clock, among other places on our network) and SA blogger Jennifer Ouellette (who blogs for us at Cocktail Party Physics). They will discuss today's publication of The Best Science Writing Online 2012, aka The Open Laboratory 2010,?by Scientific American/Farrar, Straus & Giroux.?We invite you to submit questions in advance in the comments section at the bottom of this page.

Here is the book's blurb on Amazon.com:

"Showcasing more than fifty of the most provocative, original, and significant online essays from 2011,?The Best Science Writing Online 2012?will change the way we think about science? from fluids to fungi, poisons to pirates. Featuring noted authors and journalists as well as the brightest up-and-comers writing today, this collection provides a comprehensive look at the fascinating, innovative, and trailblazing scientific achievements and breakthroughs of 2011, along with elegant and thoughtprovoking new takes on favorite topics. This is the sixth anthology of online essays edited by Bora Zivkovic, the blogs editor at?Scientific American, and with each new edition, Zivkovic expands his fan base and creates a surge of excitement about upcoming compilations. Now everyone?s favorite collection will reach new horizons and even more readers. Guest-edited and with an introduction by the renowned science author and blogger Jennifer Ouellette,?The Best Science Writing Online 2012?marries cutting-edge science with dynamic writing that will inspire us all."


During the chat, Zivkovic, Ouellette and others involved in the Open Lab anthologies for the past six years will be available to answer your questions about how the finalists were selected from an initial 720 entries, what made the 51 finalists entries stand out and what else is new in science blogging in 2012.?

It's not too late to submit entries for considering in Open Lab 2013. The deadline is October 1. ?

[The chat will start at noon EDT on Tuesday in chat box below.]

?

?

Source: http://rss.sciam.com/click.phdo?i=33aba8f3781ef943e28c92d48bfee7a5

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Square competitor Groupon Payments launches today, promises lowest cost for retailers

Square competitor Groupon Payments launches today, promises lowest cost for retailers

Popular deal website Groupon is venturing into the world of smart phone-based credit card payments today, launching the Groupon Payments initiative nationwide after a successful pilot program is the San Francisco Bay Area earlier this year. Groupon's boasting a guaranteed lowest cost pricing to merchants using Groupon Payments for credit card transactions -- MasterCard, Visa, and Discover will cost retailers 1.8 percent of credit card sales, plus a $0.15 per transaction fee, while American Express will cost three percent of credit card sales, plus a $0.15 per transaction fee. The biggest competition in the space comes from Square, headed by former Twitter co-founder Jack Dorsey, which charges a flat 2.75 percent rate on all transactions against all cards, though PayPal, Intuit, and Verifone all offer similar services.

Today's news matches up directly with leaks we saw back in May, adding on that merchants will see the day's credit card purchases credited to their bank accounts overnight, rather than waiting two to three business days (per standard practice). Beyond credit card services, Groupon's Merchants app also accepts Groupon daily deals, which helps elucidate why Groupon would be interested in entering the mobile credit card payments market in the first place (beyond it being a lucrative market unto itself, of course). Interested parties can sign up over on Groupon's website, and snag the free payments app right here. Finally -- finally -- you'll be able to sell all those $10 gift certificates to Chili's you've been hoarding. Perhaps charge $5 a pop for their $10 value and ... is this a paradox? This might be a paradox.

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Square competitor Groupon Payments launches today, promises lowest cost for retailers originally appeared on Engadget on Wed, 19 Sep 2012 11:08:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

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Source: http://www.engadget.com/2012/09/19/groupon-payments-launch/

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CU mathematicians show how shallow water may help explain tsunami power

CU mathematicians show how shallow water may help explain tsunami power [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 18-Sep-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Mark Ablowitz
mark.ablowitz@colorado.edu
303-492-5502
University of Colorado at Boulder

While wave watching is a favorite pastime of beachgoers, few notice what is happening in the shallowest water. A closer look by two University of Colorado Boulder applied mathematicians has led to the discovery of interacting X- and Y-shaped ocean waves that may help explain why some tsunamis are able to wreak so much havoc.

Professor Mark Ablowitz and doctoral student Douglas Baldwin repeatedly observed such wave interactions in ankle-deep water at both Nuevo Vallarta, Mexico, and Venice Beach, Calif., in the Pacific Ocean -- interactions that were thought to be very rare but which actually happen every day near low tide. There they saw single, straight waves interacting with each other to form X- and Y-shaped waves as well as more complex wave structures, all predicted by mathematical equations, said Ablowitz.

When most ocean waves collide, the "interaction height" is the sum of the incoming wave heights, said Baldwin. "But the wave heights that we saw from such interactions were much taller, indicating that they are what we call nonlinear," he said.

Satellite observations of the 2011 tsunami generated by the devastating earthquake that struck Japan indicate there was an X-shaped wave created by the merger of two large waves. "This significantly increased the destructive power of the event," said Ablowitz. "If the interaction had happened at a much greater distance from shore, the devastation could have been even worse as the amplitude could have been even larger. Not every tsunami is strengthened by interacting waves, but when they do intersect there can be a powerful multiplier because of the nonlinearity."

Ablowitz first observed the nonlinear wave action in 2009 while visiting Nuevo Vallarta just north of Puerto Vallarta with his family. He took hundreds of photographs and videos of the peculiar waves over the next several years.

"Unlike most new physics, you can see these interactions without expensive equipment or years of training," said Ablowitz. "A person just needs to go to a flat beach, preferably near a jetty, within a few hours of low tide and know what to look for."

A paper on the subject by Ablowitz and Baldwin was published this month in the journal Physical Review E.

Baldwin, who is studying under Ablowitz, wanted to go the extra mile to verify that the wave interactions observed by his professor were not unique to one beach. In this case he drove more than 1,000 miles to the Los Angeles area "on a whim" to search for the types of waves Ablowitz had observed in Mexico. He hit the jackpot at Venice Beach.

"I don't think there is anything more enjoyable in science than discovering something by chance, predicting something you haven't seen, and then actually seeing what you predicted," said Baldwin.

###

To see photos and videos of the wave interactions visit http://www.douglasbaldwin.com/nl-waves.html and http://www.markablowitz.com/line-solitons.

Contact:
Mark Ablowitz, 303-492-5502
Mark.Ablowitz@colorado.edu
Douglas Baldwin
Douglas.Baldwin@colorado.edu
Douglas256@gmail.com
Jim Scott, CU media relations, 303-492-3114


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


CU mathematicians show how shallow water may help explain tsunami power [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 18-Sep-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Mark Ablowitz
mark.ablowitz@colorado.edu
303-492-5502
University of Colorado at Boulder

While wave watching is a favorite pastime of beachgoers, few notice what is happening in the shallowest water. A closer look by two University of Colorado Boulder applied mathematicians has led to the discovery of interacting X- and Y-shaped ocean waves that may help explain why some tsunamis are able to wreak so much havoc.

Professor Mark Ablowitz and doctoral student Douglas Baldwin repeatedly observed such wave interactions in ankle-deep water at both Nuevo Vallarta, Mexico, and Venice Beach, Calif., in the Pacific Ocean -- interactions that were thought to be very rare but which actually happen every day near low tide. There they saw single, straight waves interacting with each other to form X- and Y-shaped waves as well as more complex wave structures, all predicted by mathematical equations, said Ablowitz.

When most ocean waves collide, the "interaction height" is the sum of the incoming wave heights, said Baldwin. "But the wave heights that we saw from such interactions were much taller, indicating that they are what we call nonlinear," he said.

Satellite observations of the 2011 tsunami generated by the devastating earthquake that struck Japan indicate there was an X-shaped wave created by the merger of two large waves. "This significantly increased the destructive power of the event," said Ablowitz. "If the interaction had happened at a much greater distance from shore, the devastation could have been even worse as the amplitude could have been even larger. Not every tsunami is strengthened by interacting waves, but when they do intersect there can be a powerful multiplier because of the nonlinearity."

Ablowitz first observed the nonlinear wave action in 2009 while visiting Nuevo Vallarta just north of Puerto Vallarta with his family. He took hundreds of photographs and videos of the peculiar waves over the next several years.

"Unlike most new physics, you can see these interactions without expensive equipment or years of training," said Ablowitz. "A person just needs to go to a flat beach, preferably near a jetty, within a few hours of low tide and know what to look for."

A paper on the subject by Ablowitz and Baldwin was published this month in the journal Physical Review E.

Baldwin, who is studying under Ablowitz, wanted to go the extra mile to verify that the wave interactions observed by his professor were not unique to one beach. In this case he drove more than 1,000 miles to the Los Angeles area "on a whim" to search for the types of waves Ablowitz had observed in Mexico. He hit the jackpot at Venice Beach.

"I don't think there is anything more enjoyable in science than discovering something by chance, predicting something you haven't seen, and then actually seeing what you predicted," said Baldwin.

###

To see photos and videos of the wave interactions visit http://www.douglasbaldwin.com/nl-waves.html and http://www.markablowitz.com/line-solitons.

Contact:
Mark Ablowitz, 303-492-5502
Mark.Ablowitz@colorado.edu
Douglas Baldwin
Douglas.Baldwin@colorado.edu
Douglas256@gmail.com
Jim Scott, CU media relations, 303-492-3114


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-09/uoca-cms091812.php

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Tuesday, September 18, 2012

Spacetime ripples from dying black holes could help reveal how they formed

Spacetime ripples from dying black holes could help reveal how they formed [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 17-Sep-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Ioannis Kamaretsos
Ioannis.Kamaretsos@astro.cf.ac.uk
Cardiff University

Researchers from Cardiff University have discovered a new property of black holes: their dying tones could reveal the cosmic crash that produced them.

Black holes are regions of space where gravity is so strong that not even light can escape and so isolated black holes are truly dark objects and don't emit any form of radiation.

However, black holes that get deformed, because of other black holes or stars crashing into them, are known to emit a new sort of radiation, called gravitational waves, which Einstein predicted nearly a hundred years ago.

Gravitational waves are ripples in the fabric of spacetime that travel at the speed of light but they are extremely difficult to detect.

Kilometer-sized laser interferometers are being built in the US, Europe, Japan and India, to detect these waves from colliding black holes and other cosmic events. They are sensitive to gravitational waves in roughly the same frequency range as audible sound waves, and can be thought of as a microphone to gravitational waves.

Two black holes orbiting around each other emit gravitational waves and lose energy; eventually they come together and collide to produce a black hole that is initially highly deformed. Gravitational waves from a deformed black hole come out not in one tone but in a mixture of a number of different tones, very much like the dying tones of a ringing bell.

In the case of black holes, the frequency of each tone and rate at which the tones decay depend only on the two parameters that characterize a black hole: its mass and how rapidly it spins.

Therefore scientists have long believed that by detecting the spacetime ripples of a black hole and measuring their frequencies one can measure the mass and spin of a black hole without going anywhere near it.

Ioannis Kamaretsos, Mark Hannam and B. Sathyaprakash of Cardiff University used Cardiff's powerful ARCCA cluster to perform a large number of computer simulations of a pair of black holes crashing against each other, and found that the different tones of a ringing black hole can actually tell us much more.

The team's findings will appear in the Physical Review Letters.

"By comparing the strengths of the different tones, it is possible not only to learn about the final black hole, but also the properties of the original two black holes that took part in the collision," explained Ioannis Kamaretsos, who performed the simulations as part of his PhD research.

He added, "It is exciting that the details of the late inspiral and merger are imprinted on the waves from the deformed final black hole. If General Relativity is correct, we may be able to make clear how very massive black holes in the centres of galaxies have shaped galactic evolution.

We never guessed it would be possible to weigh two black holes after they've collided and merged," said Dr Mark Hannam.

"We might even be able to use these results to test Einstein's general theory of relativity. We can compare the waves we observe from the orbiting black holes with the waves from the merged black hole, and check whether they are consistent," he added.

Professor B Sathyaprakash, who has spent his whole career studying gravitational waves commented: "It is quite remarkable. As in any new research, our finding opens up new questions: how accurately can we measure the parameters of the progenitor binary, whether our results hold good for more generic systems where initial black hole spins are arbitrarily oriented, etc. We will be addressing these questions in the coming years.

"Advanced gravitational wave detectors that are currently being built will provide us an opportunity to test our predictions in the coming decade."

Their research opens up a new avenue for studying the properties of the binary that produced the final black hole even when the binary itself is not visible to a gravitational wave detector. Future gravitational wave detectors should be able to study black holes far heavier than what was thought possible before and hence enhance their science reach.

###

For further information or to arrange an interview, please contact:

Ioannis Kamaretsos
Cardiff University
School of Physics & Astronomy
The Parade
Cardiff CF24 3AA
E-mail: Ioannis.Kamaretsos@astro.cf.ac.uk

Mark Hannam
Cardiff University
School of Physics & Astronomy
The Parade
Cardiff CF24 3AA
E-mail: Mark.Hannam@astro.cf.ac.uk

B.S. Sathyaprakash
Cardiff University
School of Physics & Astronomy
The Parade
Cardiff CF24 3AA
E-mail: B.Sathyaprakash@astro.cf.ac.uk

Cardiff University

Cardiff University is recognised in independent government assessments as one of Britain's leading teaching and research universities and is a member of the Russell Group of the UK's most research intensive universities. Among its academic staff are two Nobel Laureates, including the winner of the 2007 Nobel Prize for Medicine, University President Professor Sir Martin Evans.

Founded by Royal Charter in 1883, today the University combines impressive modern facilities and a dynamic approach to teaching and research. The University's breadth of expertise in research and research-led teaching encompasses: the humanities; the natural, physical, health, life and social sciences; engineering and technology; preparation for a wide range of professions; and a longstanding commitment to lifelong learning. Three major new Research Institutes, offering radical new approaches to neurosciences and mental health, cancer stem cells and sustainable places were announced by the University in 2010.

www.cardiff.ac.uk


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Spacetime ripples from dying black holes could help reveal how they formed [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 17-Sep-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Ioannis Kamaretsos
Ioannis.Kamaretsos@astro.cf.ac.uk
Cardiff University

Researchers from Cardiff University have discovered a new property of black holes: their dying tones could reveal the cosmic crash that produced them.

Black holes are regions of space where gravity is so strong that not even light can escape and so isolated black holes are truly dark objects and don't emit any form of radiation.

However, black holes that get deformed, because of other black holes or stars crashing into them, are known to emit a new sort of radiation, called gravitational waves, which Einstein predicted nearly a hundred years ago.

Gravitational waves are ripples in the fabric of spacetime that travel at the speed of light but they are extremely difficult to detect.

Kilometer-sized laser interferometers are being built in the US, Europe, Japan and India, to detect these waves from colliding black holes and other cosmic events. They are sensitive to gravitational waves in roughly the same frequency range as audible sound waves, and can be thought of as a microphone to gravitational waves.

Two black holes orbiting around each other emit gravitational waves and lose energy; eventually they come together and collide to produce a black hole that is initially highly deformed. Gravitational waves from a deformed black hole come out not in one tone but in a mixture of a number of different tones, very much like the dying tones of a ringing bell.

In the case of black holes, the frequency of each tone and rate at which the tones decay depend only on the two parameters that characterize a black hole: its mass and how rapidly it spins.

Therefore scientists have long believed that by detecting the spacetime ripples of a black hole and measuring their frequencies one can measure the mass and spin of a black hole without going anywhere near it.

Ioannis Kamaretsos, Mark Hannam and B. Sathyaprakash of Cardiff University used Cardiff's powerful ARCCA cluster to perform a large number of computer simulations of a pair of black holes crashing against each other, and found that the different tones of a ringing black hole can actually tell us much more.

The team's findings will appear in the Physical Review Letters.

"By comparing the strengths of the different tones, it is possible not only to learn about the final black hole, but also the properties of the original two black holes that took part in the collision," explained Ioannis Kamaretsos, who performed the simulations as part of his PhD research.

He added, "It is exciting that the details of the late inspiral and merger are imprinted on the waves from the deformed final black hole. If General Relativity is correct, we may be able to make clear how very massive black holes in the centres of galaxies have shaped galactic evolution.

We never guessed it would be possible to weigh two black holes after they've collided and merged," said Dr Mark Hannam.

"We might even be able to use these results to test Einstein's general theory of relativity. We can compare the waves we observe from the orbiting black holes with the waves from the merged black hole, and check whether they are consistent," he added.

Professor B Sathyaprakash, who has spent his whole career studying gravitational waves commented: "It is quite remarkable. As in any new research, our finding opens up new questions: how accurately can we measure the parameters of the progenitor binary, whether our results hold good for more generic systems where initial black hole spins are arbitrarily oriented, etc. We will be addressing these questions in the coming years.

"Advanced gravitational wave detectors that are currently being built will provide us an opportunity to test our predictions in the coming decade."

Their research opens up a new avenue for studying the properties of the binary that produced the final black hole even when the binary itself is not visible to a gravitational wave detector. Future gravitational wave detectors should be able to study black holes far heavier than what was thought possible before and hence enhance their science reach.

###

For further information or to arrange an interview, please contact:

Ioannis Kamaretsos
Cardiff University
School of Physics & Astronomy
The Parade
Cardiff CF24 3AA
E-mail: Ioannis.Kamaretsos@astro.cf.ac.uk

Mark Hannam
Cardiff University
School of Physics & Astronomy
The Parade
Cardiff CF24 3AA
E-mail: Mark.Hannam@astro.cf.ac.uk

B.S. Sathyaprakash
Cardiff University
School of Physics & Astronomy
The Parade
Cardiff CF24 3AA
E-mail: B.Sathyaprakash@astro.cf.ac.uk

Cardiff University

Cardiff University is recognised in independent government assessments as one of Britain's leading teaching and research universities and is a member of the Russell Group of the UK's most research intensive universities. Among its academic staff are two Nobel Laureates, including the winner of the 2007 Nobel Prize for Medicine, University President Professor Sir Martin Evans.

Founded by Royal Charter in 1883, today the University combines impressive modern facilities and a dynamic approach to teaching and research. The University's breadth of expertise in research and research-led teaching encompasses: the humanities; the natural, physical, health, life and social sciences; engineering and technology; preparation for a wide range of professions; and a longstanding commitment to lifelong learning. Three major new Research Institutes, offering radical new approaches to neurosciences and mental health, cancer stem cells and sustainable places were announced by the University in 2010.

www.cardiff.ac.uk


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Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-09/cu-srf091712.php

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